学习障碍儿童的家庭环境与自我意识和个性特征

Relevance between Family Environment,Self-concept and Personality in Children with Learning Disorders

目的探讨学习障碍儿童的家庭环境与自我意识和个性特征的相关性。方法采用对照研究,对安宁市某小学3～6年级的儿童进行整群抽样筛查。采用学习障碍筛查量表和多重成就测验成绩筛出学习障碍儿童158名作为研究对象,并随机选取与学习障碍儿童同年龄、同性别、同班级的非学习障碍儿童158名为对照组。采用家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)、Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表和艾森克人格问卷对两组儿童进行测评。结果研究组儿童家庭环境量表中的亲密感、情感表达、成功性、文化性、娱乐性、组织性因子分低于对照组(U=9.749,5.302,10.033,8.384,6.999,13.407;P<0.05),而矛盾性因子分则高于对照组(U=5.43,P<0.05);在Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表中,学习障碍组儿童的总分和因子分均低于对照组(U=12.535,12.018,9.251,3.469,12.058,9.358,9757,P<0.05);在艾森克个性问卷中,学习障碍组儿童的精神质和神经质得分高于对照组(U=4.356,3.193;P<0.05),外向性得分低于对照组(U=3.251,P<0.05)。FES-CV的某些环境因素与学习障碍组儿童的自我意识和个性特征相关。结论学习障碍儿童的家庭环境不良,其自我意识水平较低,家庭环境与其自我意识和个性有关。

Objective To explore the relevance between family environment ,self-concept and personality in children with learn- ing disorders（LD）. Methods The study adopted controlled design. 158 children from grade 3 to 6 of a primary school in city of Anning were assessed as LD with the Pupil Rating Scale Revised-Screening for Learning Disability （PRS）and Multiple Achievement Tests （MATs）. 158 children were taken as control group respectively from the normal children who were matched in sex ,age ,grade and class with LD children randomly. Children of two groups were tested by the Family Environment Scale--Chinese Version（F~ -- CV）,Children＇s self-concept Scale（PHCSS）and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ）. Results In FES--CV,the facto^r scores of cohesion ,expressiveness ,achievement orientation ,intellectual-cultural orientation ,active-recreational orientation and orga- nization in children with LD were lower （U= 9. 749,5. 302,10. 033,8. 384,6. 999,13. 407 ~P^0.05） ,but the conflict factor score was higher than that in control group（U= 5.43,P%0.05）. Compared the PHCSS between the two groups,the total score and all dimension scores of LD group were lower than those of control group（U： 12. 535,12. 018,9. 251,3. 469,12. 058,9. 358,9757 ;P% 0.05 ）. In EPQ,the factor scores of psychoticism and neuroticism LD group were higher than those of control group （U = 4. 356, 3. 193;P%0.05）,but the extraversion factor score was lower than control group（U= 3. 251 ,P,0.05）. Some family environment factors of children with LD were correlated with children＇s self-concept and personality. Conclusion Family environment of chil- dren with LD is not good. Children with LD have lower self-concept. Family environment of children with LD have close relation with their self-concept and personality.