农村留守儿童隔代监护人胜任特征的实证研究

The Empirical Research on Competency of Rural Skip-generation Guardian for Left-Behind Children

目的构建农村留守儿童隔代监护人的胜任特征模型并对其现状进行调查。方法在文献分析、访谈及专家判定基础上形成问卷,采用自评和他评相结合的方式对重庆市多个乡镇的374名隔代监护人进行调查。结果①农村留守儿童隔代监护人胜任特征包括教育方式、教育观念、性格特质和知识素养4个因子,问卷的Cronbachs'α系数为0.969,各因子Cronbachs'α系数在0.849～0.890之间,各因子间的相关在0.745～0.839之间,与总问卷的相关在0.883～0.945之间;②高学历、非农民职业的农村留守儿童隔代监护人在整体胜任特征上显著优于低学历、农民职业的监护人(t=6.951,4.895;P<0.01),低年龄的农村留守儿童隔代监护人在教育观念上优于高年龄的监护人(t=2.000,P<0.05)。结论农村留守儿童隔代监护人胜任特征问卷具有良好的信效度,农村留守儿童隔代监护人在教育上呈现出胜任力不足的现状。

Objective To build competency models for rural skip-generation guardian for left-behind children, and survey its cur- rent situation. Methods Based on literature analysis, interviews and expert judgment to form questionnaires, adopting combining ways of self-evaluating and others＇ evaluating to survey 374 skip-generation guardians from several towns in Chongqing. Results ①The competency of rural skip-generation guardian for left-behind children included four factors as education method,education idea, personality traits and knowledge accomplishment. The Cronbachs＇ alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0. 969, Cronbachs＇ Alpha coefficient of various factors was among 0. 849～.890,correlation between the various factors was among 0. 745～. 839,correlation with the total questionnaire was among 0. 883～ 945②Highly educated,non-farmers rural skip-generation guardians for left-behind children were significantly superior than the low educational and farmers guardians on the overall compe tence（t= 6. 951,4. 895 ;P〈. 01）,low aged rural skip-generation guardians for left-behind children were superior than higher aged on education idea（t=2. 000,P〈0.05）. Conclusion The competency questionnaire for rural skip-generation guardians for left-be- hind children has a good reliability and validity,rural skip-generation guardians for left-behind children show a status of lacking of competence in education.