民航飞行学员与大学生基本认知能力的比较

Comparative Study on Basic Cognitive Ability between Civil Pilot Students and College Students

目的考察高校在读大学生与飞行学员在基本认知能力上的差异,从而发现飞行学员应具备的认知能力特点,为民航飞行员的选拔及飞行能力的评价提供依据。方法采用针对民航飞行员编制的9项基本认知能力测验对56名飞行学员和57名在读本科大学生进行分批次的测评。结果在方向推理(t=3.79,P=0.000)、空间旋转(t=7.89,P=0.000)、视觉干扰(t=4.19,P=0.000)、视觉记忆(t=7.01,P=0.000)、视觉搜索(t=3.06,P=0.003)、数字光点数相加(t=2.99,P=0.003)、仪表理解(t=5.90,P=0.000)等7个测验上,飞行学员成绩均优于大学生,差异具有统计学意义;在词语理解与工作执行(t=0.31,P=0.758)、计算能力(t=-1.15,P=0.253)2个测验上,飞行学员和大学生成绩差异不显著。结论飞行学员的基本认知能力具有明显的优势,表现为方向、方位的空间推理能力,三维空间想象力,注意的分配和稳定性,短时记忆和工作记忆能力,字母、颜色搜索的速度和准确性,仪表的理解力等方面显著地优于大学生;在言语理解和计算能力上与大学生的水平相当。

Objective To compare the differences on basic cognitive ability between college students and student pilots ,and pro- vide basis for the selection of civil pilot and evaluation of flying ability. Methods Used 9 tests of basic ability established for civil pilots selection especially to test 56 student pilots and 57 college students. Results The differences were statistically significant on the following tests of direction reasoning （t=3.79, P = 0. 000）, spatial rotation （t=7.89, P=0. 000）, visual disturbance （t=4.19, P =0. 000）,visual memory（t= 7.01 ,P= 0. 000）,visual detection（t= 3.06 ,P0.003）,calculation of numbers and spots（t= 2.99 ,P = 0. 003）,instrument comprehension （t = 5.90,P： O. 000）,in which student pilots showed better performance than college stu- dents. The differences were not statistically significant on the tests of order comprehension（t= 0.31 ,P= 0. 758）and calculation abil： ity（t=-l. 15,P=0. 253）. Conclusion Student pilots＇ basic cognitive ability is better than college students,which is showed on the ability of reasoning of spatial direction and location,imagination of three dimension,distribution of attention and act frustration,the ability of short-term memory and working memory, detecting speed and accuracy of color and letter,instrument comprehension. The ability of language comprehension and calculation ability are similar between student pilots and college students. So it is advised that selection of basic cognitive ability should be emphasized in civil pilot selection in the future.