NCAA成立前美国高校竞技体育发展历程

Research on Development of American Collegiate Sports before the Establishment of NCAA

在坚持历史唯物主义原则下,对NCAA成立之前的美国高校竞技体育发展历史进行系统研究,客观揭示美国高校竞技体育真实,纠正对美国高校竞技体育认识缺陷和价值偏见。研究表明:美国大学竞技体育在NCAA成立之前(20世纪之前)就确定发展宗旨、发展理念、选择商业化运作模式、明确利益相关者,从而使其在百年之前就获得空前的发展;同时由于大学管理机构、大学教师等对大学竞技体育监管不足、自身监督机制缺失,导致大学竞技体育在发展过程中出现多种问题,如教练员获得高额薪金、外部组织干扰其独立运作、球场内外暴力事件、财务腐败犯罪事件等。本研究可为加深对美国大学竞技体育发展的认识,构建中国特色的大学竞技体育运行机制提供理论启示。

Adhering to the principle of historical materialism, this paper analyzes the history of develop- ment of American collegiate sports systemically before the establishment of NCAA. The results show that American collegiate sports established the mission of development, chosen commercialization as govern- ment instrument, set down the stakeholders before the establishment of NCAA, which make collegiate sports had a great influence on American society. Because of inadequate supervision of regulatory body which contains teacher and university, there are some problems of collegiate sports, such as： coach got high emolument, external groups interfere the independent operation of collegiate sports, violence in ground, and financial corruption etc. This paper provides theoretical enlightenment for deepen the under- standing of American collegiate sports, and for establishment of the operation mechanism of collegiate sports of China.