大学生篮球运动员“Choking”心理机制模型建构及实验研究

An Experimental Study on the Construction of the Psychological Mechanism Model of "Choking" in Undergraduate Basketball Athletes

基于"Choking"过程理论和以往研究结论,建立"Choking"心理机制的概念模型。运用实验法、访谈法、问卷调查法及数理统计等研究方法,以大学生篮球运动员为实验对象,采用多因素实验设计中的2×2两因素被试内设计的方法,利用结构方程模型软件LISREL 8.70对实验获得的相关数据进行路径分析。结果表明:1)压力和注意指向对投篮命中率影响均有显著性的主效应,但二者之间的交互作用不显著;2)积极应对、个人自我意识、竞赛特质焦虑、期待取胜和自我效能感是影响"Choking"产生的关键因素,并能有效预测"Choking"的发生;3)个人自我意识、公众自我意识分别对积极应对和回避应对方式产生显著性效应;4)积极应对是个人自我意识产生"Choking"的中介变量,但是积极应对与回避应对方式均不是竞赛特质焦虑产生"Choking"的中介变量。

Based on the ＂Choking＂ process theory and previous study, this paper constructs a conceptional model of ＂Choking＂ psychological mechanism. Basketball athletes of undergraduate were tested in the ex- periment of this paper, using the methods of experimentation, discussion, questionnaire investigating and statistics, and 2 × 2 two factors within--subjects design of multiple factorial experiment design. The data was gotten and was path analyzed with Structural Equation Model （SEM） of LISREL 8. 70, which shows that： （1）The pressure and attention direction have a significant main effect, but their interaction effect are not significant; （2）Approach coping style, individual self-consciousness, competitive trait anxiety, will to win and self efficacy were the key factors of ＂Choking＂, and predicted effectively the ＂Choking＂ phenome- non; （3）Individual self-consciousness, public self-consciousness have a respectively significant effect on the approach coping style and avoid coping style; （4）Approach coping style was the middle variable of in- dividual self-consciousness to ＂Choking＂ phenomenon, but approach coping style and void coping style were not the middle variable of competitive trait anxiety to ＂Choking＂ phenomenon.