收入不平等的成因:从思想演变到现实描述

The Cause of Income Inequality:From Thoughts Evolution to Reality Description

收入不平等是如何形成的?首先循着"古典经济学到马克思主义经济学"的脉络回顾经济思想中收入分配的模式,其次重点分析马克思有关收入不平等形成原因的经典阐释,最后基于中国的现实背景分析收入不平等形成的原因。研究发现:从思想史的角度,追求效率的过程与目标的偏离使得市场机制中收入分配的公平与合理往往遭到忽视,因而收入不平等必将"绝对"存在;从制度的角度,获取超额利润的动机必然导致工资性收入占国民收入的比例越来越低,国民收入分配格局将逐渐失衡;从现实的角度,初次分配格局失衡是收入不平等形成的直接成因,教育差异是收入不平等形成的主要原因。

What is the cause of income inequality？ This essay firstly follows the clue from classical economics to Marxism Economics to review income distribution pattern of economic thoughts; secondly, the emphasis is put on the classic explanation of the cause of income inequality given by Max; finally, the analysis of the cause of income inequality is provided on the basis of China＇ s realistic background. The research shows that, on the perspective of history of thoughts, the deviation of the process from the goal of pursuing efficiency leads to the ignorance on the equality and reasonableness of income distribution in the market mechanism, and therefore income inequality must absolutely exist; on the perspective of institution, the motivation of obtaining excess profit must cause a lower rate of wage income to national income, and then the distribution of the national income will gradually become imbalance; on the perspective of reality, the imbalance of first distribution and the educational disparity are separately the direct cause and the main cause of income inequality.