农村家庭食品销售的特殊法律规则思考--以《食品安全法》第29条为起点

Special Rules of Rural Marketing Home-Produced Foods:Concerning the Improvement of Art. 29 of Food Safety Law of the P. R.C

当前食品安全形势日益严峻,改进农业生产者和消费者直接交易市场的路径不失为一个有益的尝试,这方面可以借鉴美国农业食品的立法经验,对我国《食品安全法》第29条进行适当的调整。在鼓励农民创收的目标下,应该适当放松对农民销售自产农产品以及农村家庭食品作坊的管制,立法应允许农村自产食品的销售者得到强制规则的例外适用,考虑通过直接的人际关系替代高成本的规制,从而在保障食品安全的同时给予农村家庭更大的生存空间。当然,例外适用也必须符合一定的基本规则,必须是无潜在危害的食品并且有符合明确要求的标签,保障消费者能直接获知生产者信息,且知道该产品是家庭生产而未接受强制检验。同时,跨区域销售或者销售给批发商不宜得到例外适用。

Improving local markets where rural food producers and consumers transact with each other directly is an useful attempt with the severe situation of food safety. The legislative experiences of agricultural food in the United States can be adapted to adjust and modify article 29 of Food Safety Law of the People＇ s Republic of China. Then for the purpose of encouraging farmers to get more earnings, the regulation should be precisely calibrated to rural food producers such as farmers and those rural small food workshops who want to sell to consumers directly, and the law should exempt them from some of the food safety regulations to expand the value - added space for rural families while still maintaining food safety, by replacing costly should be based regulation with interpersonal guarantees. Certainly, the exceptions of applications on statutory rules, it should be non -potentially hazardous food. The labeling requirements are the critical component to entitle consumer to notice producer＇ s information and know that this product is homemade and not subject to inspection. Meanwhile, foods sold through inter - region and wholesale should not be allowed exceptions.