电力工业厂网分开改革对火电企业效率影响的实证分析

Does China's Electricity Market Reform in 2002 Improve the Efficiency of Thermal Power Plants?

2002年中国电力工业打破垂直一体化垄断经营模式,实施了"厂网分开"的电力工业改革。这次改革主要目的之一是通过引入竞争,提高电力企业效率。这一改革目的是否实现?本文对此进行了实证分析。运用DEA方法中的CCR模型和C2GS2模型,研究了改革前后火电厂综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率的变化;并对参与2002年电力工业改革的电厂和未参与改革的独立发电厂进行了对比分析。研究认为,2002年的中国电力体制改革有效地促进了火电企业综合效率的提高。其中,纯技术效率得到了明显改善;但是与独立发电厂相比,改革后划归到五大电源集团公司的电厂规模效率却呈现相对下降趋势,本文对此进行了原因分析,并给出了相关政策建议。

Chinese electricity industry experienced a landmark market - oriented reform in 2002 ： The State Power Corpo- ration （ SPC ） was dismantled, and the vertical - monopoly in electricity industry was broken up. The aim of the reform is to lower cost and improve efficiency by introducing competition. Whether this reform achieves sueh goal？ We take an empirical analysis by using CCR and C2GS2 model of DEA （data envelop analysis） to present the variation of scale, technical and integrated efficiency of thermal power plants. Meanwhile the comparison method is used： we categorize Chinese power plants into two groups ： one group was involved into the reform which was owned by the original SPC ; the other group was not involved into the reform which was called independent power plants. The result shows that the elec- tricity market reform in 2002 effectively promoted the integrated efficiency of thermal power plants in China. Especially, the pure technical efficiency has been improved greatly. However,in contrast to independent power plants, the scale effi-ciency of the plants who are owned by the Five Big Power Generation Corporations declined relatively. The drivers be- hind such decrease are analyzed and the policy suggestions are presented finally.