不同类型农村留守儿童生活事件及家庭影响因素

Life events and family influential factors among different rural left-behind children

目的分析农村正在留守、曾经留守和非留守儿童生活事件现状,探讨与家庭有关的影响因素。方法分层整群抽取贵州省黔西县定新乡和重新镇1 485名学生,采用一般问卷和青少年生活事件量表进行现场调查。结果留守、曾留守和非留守男童的生活事件总分及各因子分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),留守女童的总分及人际关系、学习压力、受惩罚、丧失、健康适应、其他等各因子平均分分别为45.83、9.67、9.69、10.23、5.71、6.19、4.34分,曾留守女童分别为45.54、9.18、9.96、10.65、6.33、5.41、3.99分,非留守女童分别为40.32、8.22、8.73、8.33、5.16、4.37、3.26分;留守女童除丧失因子外,总分及其他各因子分均高于非留守女童(P≤0.017),曾留守女童除人际关系、其他因子外,总分及其他各因子分均高于非留守女童(P≤0.017),留守与曾留守女童总分及各因子分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);留守儿童生活事件的家庭影响因素包括:家庭氛围、年龄、家庭经济状况、与父母交流顺畅度、父母外出时间,曾留守儿童生活事件的影响因素包括:与父母交流顺畅度、年龄。结论不同性别、不同留守类型与儿童生活事件存在一定的关系;留守经历对儿童的生活事件影响有一定的持续性;家庭情感现状与包括曾留守儿童在内的留守儿童的生活事件密切相关。

Objective To study the status of life events among left-behind children, ever left-behind children and non-left-behind children in rural area, and to explore familial factors associated with the events. Methods Stratified clus- ter sampling method was adopted to choose 1 485 students of 4 to 9 grade from primary and middle schools in Dingxin viilage and Chongxin town of Qianxi county, Guizhou province. A self-designed questionnaire and Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List（ASLEC） were used. Results There were no significant differences in total and factor scores of life events among left-behind boys, ever left-behind and non-left-behind boys （P 〉 0. 05 ）. Average total score and scores for interpersonal relationship, learning pressure, being punished, loss, health adaption, and other factors for life events of left-behind girls were 45.83,9. 67,9. 69,10. 23,5.71,6. 19, and 4. 34 ;the scores for ever left-behind girls were 45.54, 9. 18,9.96,10. 65,6. 33,5.41, and 3.99 ; and the scores for non-left-behind girls were 40. 32,8.22,8.73,8.33,5.16, 4. 37, and 3.26, respectively. The total score and scores of each factor of life events of left-behind girls were higher than those of non-left-behind gifts,except for factor of loss （P ~ 0. 017 ）. The total score and scores of each factor of life events for ever left-behind girls were higher than those of non-left-behind girls, except for interpersonal relationship and other factor（ P ~〈0. 017）. The differences in total and factor scores between left-behind and ever left-behind girls were not statistically significant. Family atmosphere, age, family economic status, communication with parents, and the time of par- ents going out were associated with life events among left-behind children, and communication with parents and age were associated with life events in ever left-behind children. Conclusion Gender and left-behind status are related with the children＇ s life events. The experience of left-behind has a lasting effect on the children＇ s life events, and the status of family feeling is closely related to life events among left-behind children and ever left-behind children.