西北村镇集雨的饮用水处理工程实践

Treatment of Water in Rainwater Harvesting Pits in Villages and Towns of Northwestern China

西北干旱半干旱地区地表水和地下水极端匮乏,雨水是唯一有潜力的水资源,然而常规水处理对技术要求较高,且操作、维护、管理比较复杂,因此选用合适的雨水处理技术是目前亟需解决的问题。针对雨水水质、季节性、时空不均匀性和水质不稳定性,采用水力旋流除砂器/人工生态截污系统/粗滤/慢滤处理模式。工程实践表明:该处理模式对农村集雨窖水中常见的污染物如浊度、色度、有机物、氨氮和细菌等微生物学指标有很好的去除效果,并且具有操作简单、运行费用低、便于维护等特点,出水各项指标均达到国家饮用水水质标准,在西北农村地区具有一定的推广价值。

Arid and semiarid areas of Northwest China are in serious lack of surface water and un- derground water, and rainwater is the only potential recourse. Nevertheless, conventional water treatment methods require high-level techniques, and their operation, maintenance and management are complicat- ed. Finding an appropriate rainwater treatment technology is a problem to be solved. According to rain- water quality, seasonal performance, uniformity in time and space and unstable quality, cyclone desand- er/artitlcial ecological sewage interception system/rough filtration/slow sand filtration process was used. Engineering practice showed that turbidity, color, organic matters, ammonia-nitrogen, bacteria and other microbiological indexes in water in rainwater harvesting pit could be effectively removed. The process had advantages of simple operation, low cost and convenient maintenance. All the indexes of the treated water met the national drinking water quality standard. This treatment technology has a favorable development prospect in rural areas of Northwest China.