论宋辽金元美学的生活世界

On the Living World of Aesthetics in the Song and Yuan Dynasties

本文试图以全新的视角,以当代现象学的诠释方式,探索了中国美学史写作的新途径。文章认为美学史的研究对象应该包括三个基本领域,即美的事件、美的思想和美的理论。美的事件主要是指美的形而下的生存样态或结构,包括日常生活的喜闻乐见之活动、生活方式、民族习俗等等,亦即物质文化领域为主体的活动,但有别于当下所谓的"审美文化"。美的思想是指与美学相关的思潮,如理学、玄学、禅宗等。美的理论是指美学自身建构的理论系统阐释或命题,如意境论等。就其三者的关系而言,美的理论是美学史研究的核心,而美的思想是美学理论产生的理论背景,美的事件则是美的理论和美的思想生长的最后根源,这也是当代世界美学研究的中心。在此,文章通过"都市与雅俗"、"士人与玩味"、"技术与生活"、"生意与自然"、"礼乐与家园"等几个基本方面展示宋元美学的生活世界。"生活世界"大致以美的事件展开。

This paper tries to explore the approaches of writing Chinese aesthetics history from a totally new perspective and by adopting the way of interpreting the phenomenology, it argues that the research subjects of aesthetics history should include three basic areas, namely aesthetics events, aesthetics thoughts and aesthetics theories. Aesthetics events mainly refer to concrete patterns or structures of existence of the aesthetics, including popular activities, life styles, ethnic customs, and the like. in the daily life, i.e., activities mainly in the field of material culture, different from the so-called aesthetic culture. Aesthetics thoughts mean various ideological trends related to the aesthetics, such as Neo-Confucianism, Metaphysics and Zen Buddhism. Aesthetics theories are a theoretical system of self-construction of aesthetics, such as the theory of conception, etc. In terms of the relationship among events, thoughts, and theories of aesthetics, theories are the core of the studies of aesthetics history, aesthetics thoughts are the theoretical background where aesthetics theories are formed, and aesthetics events are the starting point of aesthetics thoughts and aesthetics theories. The relationship of the three is the focus of the studies of aesthetics in the world today. Hereon, this article will demonstrate the living world of the aesthetics in the Song and Yuan dynasties from several basic aspects, including Elegance and vulgarity in the cities, Literati and their interests, Technology and life, Business and nature, Homeland and the ritual system. The living world will be depicted through aesthetics events on the whole.