诗与现实的矛盾——亚里士多德《诗学》与《形而上学》比较研究

The Contradiction between Poetry and Reality——A Comparative Study of Aristotle's "Poetics" and "Metaphysical"

亚里士多德在其《诗学》中提出了描述可能之事和普遍之事的诗高于历史的观点,看似与其《形而上学》中现实高于潜能、第一实体是个体的论断矛盾,实则二者源于共同的存在论根源,即世界的合目的性。通过对《诗学》的文本分析及其与《形而上学》的比较,这一矛盾得到了解决:诗需要在有限的篇幅内表现出世界的合目的性,通过描述可能和普遍之事,在可直观的范围内摹仿作为现实和整体的第一实体。

Aristotle pointed out that the poems which describe the possible things and general things are more noble than history in his ＂Poetics＂, but in his ＂metaphysics＂ he said that reality is more noble than potentiality and the first entity is an individual. Actually, they have common roots： teleological view of the world. By studying of his ＂ Poetics＂ and ＂metaphysics＂, we find the solution of the contradiction： the poem needs to reflect the purposiveness of the world and copies the first entity as the reality and the individual in limited space by describing the possible things and general things.