文体分类新探

Restudy of the Stylistic Classification

按照现代逻辑关于分类的基本规则、标准和方法,根据各种文体的本质属性和显著特征,首先,应当可将全部现代文体分为文学类文体和非文学类文体,即文学作品和狭义文章两大部类。文学作品又应当分为表现性文学和表演性文学两大门类,其中表现性文学包括小说、散文和诗歌,表演性文学包括剧本和曲本。狭义文章又应当分为新闻文体、传志文体、论说文体和应用文体四大门类,其中新闻文体包括消息、通讯、报告文学等,传志文体包括传记、方志、回忆录等,论说文体包括社会评论、文艺评论、学术论文等,应用文体最为繁多,包括法定机关公文、行业专用文书、通用事务文书三个文体种类,其中每个文体种类又都包括若干具体的文种。

All the modern styles can be firstly divided into two——the literal and the non-literal(i.e.literary works and the articles in a narrow sense)——according to the basic rules,standards and methods of the modern logic and the basic individual characteristics of all the styles.Literary works can be further divided into the representative literature and the performative literature,with the former including novels,essays and poetry and the latter plays and scripts of folk literature.Articles,on the other hand,can be further divided into three classes:(1) journalese(news,announcements,reportage,etc.),(2) biography,local history and memoir,(3) argumentation(social,literal and scientific ones),(4) practical writing.The last one is the most active,including legal documents,industry documents and all-purpose documents,which all can be still further divided.