贺兰山东麓砂质酿酒葡萄园土壤水分分布研究

Sandy Wine Vineyards Soil Moisture Distribution in the East of Helan Mountain

针对贺兰山东麓砂质酿酒葡萄园漏水漏肥,水分利用率低等问题,采用田间试验,分别设置沟灌、单管滴灌和双管滴灌的方式,研究土壤水分分布及葡萄需水规律,从而制定适宜的灌溉制度。结果表明,沟灌水分下渗基本在70cm内的根系分布层,灌溉后期含水率低,灌溉周期为13d;双管滴灌水平侧渗区域主要集中在20～45cm的葡萄毛根活动区域,垂直入渗在在60cm根系分布区内,灌溉周期为9d;单管滴灌垂直下渗速率高于侧渗速率,灌溉周期为7d。单管滴灌方式便于大规模的葡萄机械化管理,最佳水分管理方式为增加单次灌溉时间让单次灌水量达到450m3/hm2。

For the problem of fertilizer and water leaking in sandy wine vineyards in the east of Helan Mountain, field experiments set up with furrow irrigation, single tube drop irrigation and double tube drop irrigation, were carried out to study the soil moisture distribution and grape water requirement for formu- lating appropriate irrigation program. The results showed that： the furrow irrigation water distributed within 70 cm root distribution layer, post- irrigation moisture content was low, and the irrigation cycle was 13 days. The double-tube drip irrigation lateral infiltration moisture mainly distributed in the 20~45 cm grape root active area, vertical infiltration moisture was in the 60 cm root distribution region, and irriga- tion period was 9 days. Single-tube drip irrigation vertical infiltration rate was higher than lateral seepage rate, and irrigation period was ？ days. Single-tube drip irrigation could facilitate large-scale grape mecha- nized management, and the best moisture management was to increase single-tube drip irrigation time for the single irrigation of 450 ma/hm2.