健康管理生活方式问卷设计的概念框架与核心数据元研究

Conceptual framework and core data elements of health lifestyle questionnaire

目的构建健康管理生活方式问卷设计的概念框架，定义概念框架的维度、子维度及各子维度的核心数据元。方法遵循业务规范和国内外信息标准，参考WHO及国内外有关生活方式的研究，并以国内大型健康管理体检机构生活方式问卷和纸质健康档案为基础，采用自顶向下和自底向上相结合的建模方法。核心数据元依据数据的重要性、方便采集、现有的健康体检生活方式问卷已采用及专家意见相结合确定。结果建立了生活方式问卷设计的概念框架，共9个维度（吸烟、饮酒、膳食、饮水、体力活动、体育锻炼、生活起居、睡眠、危险因素暴露），29个不同的子维度，如吸烟包括吸烟类别、吸烟强度、吸烟持续时间、烟草种类4个子维度，最后提取24个核心数据元并定义部分代码值。结论生活方式问卷设计的概念框架可作为设计生活方式问卷的参考依据，标准化数据元可作为不同机构不同结构问卷的信息交换标准，但生活方式问卷的数据元标准化工作还有待进一步完善。

Objective To construct a conceptual framework of a lifestyle questionnaire and define its dimensions, sub-dimensions and core data elements. Methods After review of lifestyle questionnaires of large-scale studies, domestic and international health information standards, health risk factors defined by the World Health Organization and paper-based health records, a conceptual framework was developed by using top-down and bottom-up strategies. Core data elements were chosen according to their importance, utility and experts＇ advice. Results Our conceptual framework included 9 dimensions （cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, water drinking, employment, physical exercises, daily living habits, sleep and toxic exposure） and 29 sub-dimensions. For instance, cigarette smoking included status, intensity, duration of smoking and kinds of tobacco. Furthermore, 24 core data elements were extracted, and coded values were defined for parts of these data elements. Conclusions Our conceptual framework may serve as a reference for the development of lifestyle questionnaire, and the standardized data elements we extracted could be used in information exchang between institutions. However, standardization of the data elements should be further refined.