桐城派“因声求气”理论源流考辨

On the Theoretical Origin of "Understanding the Essence of Literary Work from its Rhythm" of the Tongcheng School

"因声求气"理论主要提出者是刘大櫆,它是桐城派文论的核心,也是中国传统文论的精粹。其理论渊源向上可以追溯到先秦,是对孟子、曹丕、刘勰、沈约、韩愈、朱熹等人的继承和发展;向下又是对后来理论的开拓与奠基,特别是在桐城派内部,从姚鼐到方东树、曾国藩,再到吴汝纶、张裕钊、贺涛等,对之更是推崇备至,世代承袭。五四以后,朱光潜用现代理论丰富和完善了这一理论,并赋予其以现代学术形态,为中国传统理论的现代化提供了一个极佳的范例。

The theory ＂understanding the essence of literary works from its rhythm＂ is proposed by Liu Dakui, which is the core of the literary theory of the Tongcheng School and the essence of Chinese traditional literary theory. The origin of such a kind of theory can be traced back to the Qin Dynasty, which is the heritance and development of Mencius, Cao Pi, Liu Xie, Shen Yue, Han Yu and Zhu Xi＇s theories. On the other hand, it has also opened up and laid a foundation for the succeeding theories, which scholars from Yao Nai to Fang Dongshu, Zeng Guofan to Wu Rulun, Zhang Yuzhao and He Tao, all sing highly of and pass down, especially within Tongcheng School itself. After the May 4th Movement, Zhu Guangqian has enriched and perfected it with the modem theory and made it carry a modem academic form, which sets a good example for the modernization of Chinese traditional theories.