高校学生专业选择模式的研究与探索——以北京大学调查数据为例

The Research and Exploration on Professional Selection Mode in Universities and Colleges——On the Survey Data of Peking University

专业选择是我国高等教育的一个重要问题。目前,我国高校学生的专业选择模式主要有两种,一是以高考制度为基础的一般专业选择模式;二是以北京大学"元培计划"为代表的专业选择模式。本文以北京大学调查数据为基础,主要对"元培计划"专业选择模式在实际运行中的效果进行实证分析。通过分析,笔者认为,我国高等教育已经进入新的历史发展时期,高等教育人才培养模式和学生专业选择模式应该由以往过分重视"专业教育"逐步转向注重"通识教育"的同时,重视"通识教育"与"专业教育"之间平衡的方向发展,并提出相关政策建议。

Professional selection is an important issue in higher education. At present, there are two modes of professional selection in universities and colleges of China, one is the general professional selection mode based on college entrance examination system ;the other is a new mode of professional selection, such as ＂ Yuan - pei Plan＂ professional selection mode of Peking University. The paper analyzes the effect of the＂ Yuan pei＂ major selection mode based on the survey data of Peking University. Through analysis, the paper points out that higher education has entered a new period of historical development, and the higher education talents training mode and professional selection mode should be altered gradually from excessively emphasis on ＂ professional education＂ in the past to the focus on ＂ general education＂, while pay attention to a balance between ＂ general education＂ and ＂ professional education＂, and the paper also gives some policies andproposals.