佛山市禅城区张槎中小学校、幼儿园学生眼屈光不正状态调查分析

Diagnosis of the ametropia status of students from Zhangcha school of Foshan city

目的:调查禅城区张槎中小学校、幼儿园学生眼屈光不正的特点。方法:对佛山市禅城区张槎中小学校幼儿园22397名学生在自然瞳孔下(不使用睫状肌麻痹剂)用Canon RK-F1全自动电脑验光仪检查屈光状态。用国际小数灯箱视力表进行视力检查。对视力低下儿生进行光学矫正。结果:①3～6岁组以远视为主,占80.23%,单纯远视比复性远视散光、单纯远视散光较多见,而混合散光少见,且男女各种屈光不正类型所占比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。7～15岁组以近视为主,单纯近视比单纯近视散光、复性近视散光明显更多见,混合性散光仍较少。②3～6岁组屈光不正均以轻度为主。男女生各程度所占比例相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③7～15岁组屈光不正也以轻度为主,但男女生远近视程度存在差异。轻度近视男生组明显高于女生组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④各组男女生矫正视力比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:本片区中小学校幼儿园学生的7～15岁近视发生率较3～6岁近视发生率有明显的提高,而远视发生率相反,7～15岁比3～6岁低。

Objective To investigate the status of ametropia and its characters in perschool and school students. Method Autorefraction with Canon RK- F1 refractor was performed by optometrists in 22397 cases of 3 -15 year- old under natural pupil （non -cycloplegia） condition. Refractive correction was performed in under - normal VA children after visual acuity was measured. Results 1. In 3 - 6 years＇ old group,hyperopia was in the majority of ametropia,accounting for 80. 23%. Cases with simple hyperopia was more than cases with com- plicated hyperopia astigmatism or simple hyperopia astigmatism, and mixed astigmatism was rare, and the proportion of all types of ametropia in boys and girls were no significant statistical differences. In 7 - 15 years old group,myopia was in the majority of the ametrepia,Cases with simple myopia was more than cases with complicated myopia astigmatism or simple myopia astigmatism, and mixed astigmatism was also rare. 2. In 3 -6 years old group,ametropia with mild degree was the main. The proportions of boys and girls were similar,the difference was not statistically significant. 3. The ametropia In 7 - 15 years old greup,ametropia with mild degree was also the main. However,the degree of myopia or hyperopia between boys and girls had differences. The mild myopic boy was significantly higher than that of girls, there was signif-icant difference. 4. No significant differences were in corrected visual acuity of boys and girls in each group. Conclusion The incidence rate of myopia in 7 - 15 years old has significantly increased than it in 3 -6 years old in my area. while on the contrary, The incidence rate of hyperopia in 7 - 15 years old is lower than that of 3 -6 years old in my area.