家禽日粮中酶制剂使用的现状和展望

Current Situation and Prospects for the Use of Enzymes in Poultry Diets

在过去的10多年,多酶制剂在家禽饲料中得到广泛应用,一方面得益于大量的动物消化饲养试验的进展,另一方面得益于转基因和生物工程技术的快速发展。饲料中添加酶制剂的主要作用是帮助动物消化饲料中那些不能被动物消化的成分,这些成分被证明大都具有抗营养作用,另外,这些成分还有助于微生物在家禽消化道后部(盲肠)的大量繁殖,从而消耗营养,甚至危害到动物的健康。目前,在全球家禽饲料中应用最普遍的酶制剂包括植酸酶、β-葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶。虽然经过过去半个多世纪的大量研究,对这些酶的作用机制以及应用的好处有了一些了解,但限制酶制剂更有效应用于家禽和其他动物饲料的因素还很多,未来需要进行的研究包括寻找新的生产方式,使生产的酶更具有针对性,并且具有更高的活性和更强的抗环境能力,同时应开发新的方法对酶的活性和有效性进行科学有效的检测、监控和预测。

In past decade, variety of enzymes has been widely used in poultry diets. This is partly due to the development in animal research and partly due to the advance of transgenic and bioengineer technology. The major purpose of adding enzymes inthe feed is to help animals to digest components that cannot be digested by them and were proved having anti-nutritional effect and increasing microbial load in the hind gut of the chick, which is harmful to the chick performance and health. Phytase, β--glucanase and xylanase are currently most acceptable enzymes in poultry diets globally. Even though research data clearly indicated the beneficial effect of adding enzymes in chicken diets and mechanism behind that after decades＇ research work, thereare still many unknown factors that limit the effectiveness of using feed enzymes in all animal diets besides poultry diets. Future research work in this area includes： 1 ） To find new method to produce specific enzymes for specific diet; 2） To produce enzymesthat have higher activity and higher ability to survive in extreme environmental conditions such as high temperature, low pH etc.; 3 ） To find dependable methods for monitoring the activity of enzymes in the feed before and after processing; 4） To create a modelto predict the effectiveness of adding different enzymes in different diets.