细针穿刺检查对甲状腺结节的诊断进展

Value of fine-needle aspiration in diagnosis of thyroid nodules:recent progress

甲状腺结节(thyroid nodule,TN)是内分泌系统的常见病和多发病。因其具有良、恶性之分,治疗方案及预后有显著不同。但恶性结节在临床上多缺乏特征性表现,同时常规的检查手段在良、恶性鉴别方面的表现并不理想。细针穿刺检查(fine-needle aspiration,FNA)通过获取甲状腺可疑结节的少量组织进行细胞学诊断,可有效提高良、恶性质鉴别的准确度,为临床提供重要的诊断依据。本文就近年来细针穿刺相关技术及与分子生物学检查的联合在甲状腺结节诊断方面的进展进行综述。

Thyroid nodule （TN） is a common endocrine disease. The treatments and prognoses can be very different due to the malignant and benign property of the TN. Malignant TN lacks characteristic signs or symptoms, and the accuracy of ordinary diagnostic methods is not very satisfactory. Fine-needle aspiration （FNA） can improve the accuracy by obtaining a small amount of suspected thyroid cells for cytological diagnosis. The paper is to review the achievements made in FNA and the related molecular biology for the diagnosis of TN in recent years.