红松阔叶混交林林隙大小及光照对草本植物的影响

Effects of forest gap size and light intensity on herbaceous plants in Pinus koraiensis-dominated broadleaved mixed forest

在小兴安岭红松阔叶混交林中选取的6个林隙内,以每个林隙中心为起点,沿东西和南北两个方向,每隔2m平行布置1个1m×1m的固定样方.2011年6月和9月利用估测法测定样方内不同高度等级草本植物的覆盖度和多度,记载样方内基质特征.6—9月每月选择阴天,利用冠层分析仪拍摄鱼眼照片,用Gap Light Analyzer2.0软件计算相对光强.分析不同林隙间相对光强、草本植物覆盖度和丰富度的差异,以及各物种覆盖度与直射光、漫射光和基质的关系.结果表明:开阔区和林冠下的大林隙相对光强均大于小林隙,而且从林隙中心到林隙边缘的漫射光、直射光变化范围也大于小林隙;不同区域大、小林隙到达地面的直射光大小顺序为北部大于南部;在Z1～Z4区域内,大林隙的草本植物覆盖度和丰富度均大于小林隙,其中大、小林隙物种丰富度之间的差异达到了显著水平.另外,大多数草本植物覆盖度与漫射光和基质之间显著相关,只有少数草本植物覆盖度与直射光呈相关关系.

1 m×1 m fixed quadrats were parallelly arranged with a space of 2 m in each gaps in Pinus koraiensis-dominated broadleaved mixed forest, taking the gap center as of six forest the starting point and along east-west and south-north directions. In each quadrat, the coverage and abundance of herbaceous plants at different height levels were investigated by estimation method in June and September 2011, and the matrix characteristics within the quadrats were recorded. Canopy analyzer was used to take fish-eye photos in the selected overcast days in each month from June to Septem- ber, 2011, and the relative light intensity was calculated by using Gap Light Analyzer 2.0 software. The differences in the relative light intensity and herbaceous plants coverage and richness between different gaps as well as the correlations between the coverage of each species and the direct light, diffuse light, and matrix were analyzed. The results showed that in opening areas and under cano- py, the relative light intensity in large gaps was higher than that in small gaps, and the variation ranges of diffuse light and direct light from gap center to gap edge were bigger in large gaps than in small gaps. The direct light reaching at the ground both in large gaps and in small gaps was higher in the north than in the south direction. In the Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 zones, both the coverage and the richness of herbaceous plants were larger in large gaps than in small gaps, and the differences of species richness between large and small gaps reached significant level. The coverage of the majori- ty of the herbaceous plants had significant correlations with diffuse light and matrix, and only the coverage of a few herbaceous plants was correlated with direct light.