金属型纳米颗粒对植物的生态毒理效应研究进展

Eco-toxicological effect of metal-based nanoparticles on plants:Research progress

纳米技术的高速发展和人工纳米颗粒(NPs)的广泛应用带来的潜在环境风险已经引起国内外的广泛关注.金属型纳米颗粒(MBNPs)具有金属毒性和纳米毒性的双重效应,其生物毒性和生态风险已成为纳米毒理学的研究热点之一.植物作为生态系统中的重要组分,是NPs生物累积并进入食物链的潜在途径.本文论述了MBNPs在植物中的吸收、转运和累积过程,总结了MBNPs对植物的毒性效应及其机制,探讨了MBNPs植物毒性的影响因素,综合评述了近年来关于MBNPs对植物特别是农作物的生态毒理效应的研究进展,同时分析了目前研究中存在的问题,对今后的研究方向进行了展望.

The rapid development of nanotechnology and the potential environmental risk of wide application of artificial nanoparticles （NPs） have raised considerable concerns. Metal-based nanop- articles （ MB NPs） have dual-toxicity of metal and NPs, and thus, their bio-toxicity and ecological risk are the hotspots in the studies of nanotoxicology. Plant, as a main component of ecosystem, is a potential pathway for NPs bioaccumulation and entering into food chain. This paper discussed the MB NPs absorption, translocation, and accumulation by plants, and summarized the eco-toxicologi- cal effect of MB NPs on plants and related mechanisms. The factors affecting the phytotoxicity of MB NPs were approached, and the research progress on the eco-toxico!ogical effect of MB NPs on plants, especially on food crops, was reviewed. Also, the existing problems in present MB NPs phytotoxicity studies were analyzed, and the future research directions were proposed.