云南地区1893例变应性鼻炎患者吸入性变应原谱分析

Prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens in 1893 patients with allergic rhinitis in Yunnan

目的:调查云南地区变应性鼻炎(AR)患者吸入性变应原谱分布情况。方法:回顾性分析1893例确诊为AR的患者的皮内试验结果,按照年龄分为4个组:4～17岁组(605例),>17～35岁组(660例),>35～50岁组(507例),>50～70岁组(121例);按性别分为男性组(917例)和女性组(976例)。比较各组在变应原阳性率分布上的差异。结果:①变应原皮内试验总阳性率为70.1%。阳性率前10位的变应原依次为:户尘螨、粉尘螨、室内尘土、夏秋季花粉、旱冬瓜、藜科、大籽蒿、禾本科、油菜、蟑螂;②变应原阳性个数中,以3重变应原阳性最多,其次为双重变应原阳性和单一变应原阳性;③阳性率前10位的变应原中,不同年龄组患者前3位阳性变应原均为户尘螨、粉尘螨和室内尘土。4～17岁组与其他3组变应原阳性率比较均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);④不同性别组患者间,除户尘螨、粉尘螨和室内尘土男性高于女性外(P<0.05),其余变应原阳性率均差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:云南地区AR患者的变应原主要是尘螨,其次为夏秋季花粉、旱冬瓜、藜科、大籽蒿、禾本科、油菜。各年龄段过敏原种类有所不同,变应原分布与性别无明显相关性。

Objective： To investigate which aeroallergens were prevalent in patients with allergic rhinitis in Yunnan. Method：Retrospective analysis of the medical records of intradermal test performed in 1 893 AR patients. The samples were divided into four age groups： 4 17-year-olds, 〉 17--35-year-olds, 〉 35--50-year-olds and 〉50--70-year-olds. According to gender,the samples were devided into two groups： the males and the fe- males. The positive rate of aeroallergens were compared among the groups. Result： ①The total positive rate of in- tradermal test was 70.1%. The top ten allergens were as follow： dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatopha- goides farina, house dust, pollen of the summer and autumn, alnus nepalensis, chenopodiaceae, mugwort, poaceae, brassica and cockroach. ②In all groups, patients with triple positive allergens were the most common, followed by dual positive allergens and single positive allergen. ③Among the top ten allergens,the top three positive ones in all groups were dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,dermatophagoides farina and house dust. And there were significant diferences between 4--17 year-olds group and the other age groups（P〈0.01）. ④There was no significant dife- fence between male and female patients in distribution of aeroallergens except House dust and mite. Conclusion： The most common allergen in patients with allergic rhinitis in Yunnan is mite,the follow are pollen of the summer and autumn, alnus nepalensis, chenopodiaceae, mugwort, poaceae, and brassica. The distribution of aeroallergens are different among the age groups, but has no evident correlation with gender.