浦东上钢社区中老年人群膝骨关节炎危险因素的流行病学研究

Epidemiological study on risk factors of knee osteoarthritis in Shanggang Community in Pudong New District

目的了解上海市浦东新区社区中老年人群膝骨关节炎患病率,探索患病的相关因素。方法采用分层整群多阶段抽样方法,随机抽取上海市浦东新区上钢新村街道社区≥40岁具有本地户籍的居民共1 499人,入户问卷调查。调查内容主要包括姓名、性别、教育水平、职业、身高、体质量、腰围以及关节症状、既往病史、环境、饮食、生活习惯等,采用单因素和多因素方法分析膝骨关节炎的危险因素。结果膝骨关节炎患病率为33.3%(女性41.6%,男性24.0%),患病率随着年龄的增大而逐渐升高。将单因素分析显示可能与膝骨关节炎患病相关的因素进行逐步Logistic回归分析,结果显示高龄、女性、超重/肥胖、大量家务劳动、骨关节炎家族史、膝外伤、寒冷环境、长时间站立和步行9个因素是膝骨关节炎患病的危险因素;未发现教育水平、体育锻炼、劳动强度、饮食、潮湿环境、饮酒、吸烟、穿高跟鞋、上下楼梯、蹲厕以及长时间蹲姿等因素与膝骨关节炎患病相关。结论上海市浦东新区中老年人群的膝骨关节炎呈高患病率状态,女性患病率高于男性,患病率随着年龄的增大呈升高趋势。高龄、女性、超重/肥胖、大量家务劳动、骨关节炎家族史、膝外伤、寒冷环境、长时间站立和步行是膝骨关节炎患病的危险因素。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the elderly in Pudong New District in Shanghai, and explore the related risk factors. Methods With cluster stratified multistage random sampling method, 1 499 registered residents aged no less than 40 years in Shanggang Community in Pudong New District in Shanghai were selected for questionnaire survey. The contents of survey included name, sex, educational level, vocation, height, body weight, waist circumference, joint symptoms, past disease history, environment, recipes and living habit, and the risk factors for knee osteoarthritis were investigated with univariate and multivariate analysis. Results The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis was 33.3% （41.6% for females, 24.0% for males）, which was increased with age. Stepwise Logistic regression analysis of factors possibly related to knee osteoarthritis revealed that old age, female, overweight/obesity, a lot of housework, family history of osteoartbritis, knee trauma, cold environment, prolonged standing and walking were the risk factors for knee osteoarthritis, while education, physical exercise, labor intensity, recipes, moist environment, drinking, smoking, wearing high heels, floors and stair climbing, squat toilet and prolonged squatting were not significantly associatedwith the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis Conclusion There is a high prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the elderly in Pudong New District in Shanghai, females have a higher prevalence of knee osteoarthritis than males, and the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis increases with age. Old age, female, overweight/obesity, a lot of housework, family history of osteoarthritis, knee trauma, cold environment, prolonged standing and walking are the risk factors for knee osteoarthritis.