重构大学学科发展:从内在理念到基本内涵

Reconstruction of the Development of University Disciplines: From Inner Philosophy to Basic Connotation

作为中国高等教育的主流政策话语,"学科建设"是基于中国高等教育发展境遇所形成的具有鲜明针对性与实践性的独特话语言说方式。它以特定话语来积极回应高等教育的现实问题,深刻影响着高等教育的办学形态与发展走向。传统倚重"从学科到大学"的思维路径,忽略了"从大学到学科"维度的存在,从本质上消解了大学基于自身本质属性来发展学科的可能。因此,重构大学学科发展的关键在于,摆脱学科瓦解大学这一"反学科"的立场,实现学科对于大学的重建,而根本路径在于从重塑内在理念到厘清基本内涵。在这种话语体系下,学科发展的内在理念在于以构建学科来重塑大学学术共同体,其基本内涵体现为以下几个方面:以法治、民主与自治为核心的现代大学制度;旨在形成卓越学术共同体的办学理念;基于自治院系推进教师队伍、课程体系和研究生教育发展;跨学科研究理念与学术组织的形成;着力发展特色学科;学科发展的忧患与竞争意识以及学科传统与文化的形成。

As a mainstream discourse of China＇s higher education policy, ＂discipline construction＂ is a specific and practical phrase based on the unique development situation of China＇s higher education. It is an attempt on active responding to practical problems of higher education in a particular discourse, profoundly affecting the role of higher education morphology and development orientation. Emphasizing the path of ＂from discipline to university＂ and ignoring the dimension of ＂from university to discipline＂ essentially eliminate the possibility for university constructing its own disciplines according to its essential attribution. The key to reconstructing the development of discipline of university lies in abandoning the ＂anti-discipline＂ position that discipline disintegrate university and the inner philosophy of discipline development is to reconstruct university academic community by constructing disciplines. The basic connotation is manifested in the modern university system based on legislation, democracy and autonomy; its goal is to form eminent academic community; to promote the development of teaching faculty, curriculum and postgraduate education; the formation of cross-discipline research idea and organization; valuing characteristic disciplines; formation of the sense of compete and urgency, and tradition and culture of disciplines.