多民族国家建构认同的制度模式分析——以加拿大为例

The Institutional Analysis on the Identity of the Multi-Ethnic State Construction: Taking Canada for Example

本文从制度机制设计和运作的角度,探讨了加拿大联邦包容差异协调分歧的一些制度机制,如包容差异的非均衡联邦制度,增进联邦向心力的社会政策,促进联邦共同发展的地区平衡机制,协商民主性质的"行政联邦制",土著民族政策以及应对文化多样性挑战的多元文化主义政策等。揭示加拿大这样一个在人口、文化和地理上都具有巨大差异性的多元化国家,通过制度设计和社会政策的实施为多元社会提供制度粘合剂、在具有明显族裔和文化差异的多元社会创造共同身份认同的过程。

From the viewpoint of mechanisms design and its function, the paper studies a series of institutions and policies acted as levers of accommodating cultural discrepancy and adjusting interest inconformity in the Canadian federalism, such as Asymmetric Institutional Design of accommodating cultural discrepancy, social policy for boosting the cohesion of the federalism, federal developing programmes for promoting greater equality among provinces, Executive Federalism with the characteristic of consultative democracy, ethnic policy about indigenous peoples, multiculturalism responding to the challenge of cultural diversity, and so on. In addition, it probes into the process of canadian feberalism's system building and policy implementing to see how a Canadian identity be built in a society with great discrepancy particularly in population, culture, and region.