南京国民政府时期中央与地方关系——以冀省“废苛减附”治理实践为中心的考察

The Relationship between Central and Local Governments in the Period of Nanjing National Government——A Study Based on Governance Practice of Abolishing Exorbitant Taxes and Levies in Hebei Province

南京国民政府时期国家在表象上归于统一,但地方主义势力彰显。聚敛钱财、搜刮民脂成为地方实力派对抗中央的主要手段,这既造成农民捐税负担过重、农村经济疲敝,又严重侵蚀了中央政府权威。国民政府为防止中央政权稳定性缺失,从削弱地方财权入手对各省进行整合控制,并于1934年发起全国性的"废苛减附"治理运动。河北省的实践结果表明,在这场运动中地方政府为保存实力纷纷抗争于中央,而中央唯一考虑的是收权并控制地方,中央与地方这种上有政策、下有对策的博弈无不显现出国家政权的"碎割"和中央权势的弱化。

The country seemed to be one political entity during the Nanjing National Government Regime period, but the localism was very serious. Amassing wealth and squeezing the people dry became the principal means which were used to con front the central government by the regional power groups, which in turn caused farmers ＇ tax burden and recession of the rural economics and impinged on the authority of the central gover,ament. The national government carried out the integration control through weakening the local finance to prevent the central government from losing its regime stability, and launched the nation al campaign of abolishing exorbitant taxes and levies in 1934. The practice in Hebei showed that in this campaign the local governments confronted the central government to preserve their power, but the central government wanted to assert its authori ty and control the local governments. The local governments could always find a way to cope with the policies of the central government. The game between them showed the division of the state power and weakening of the central authority.