清至民国时期皖南官田、学田和义田地权的双层分化考察

Studies on the Dual Property-Right of the State-owned Lands,School-owned Lands and Charity Lands in Southern Anhui during the Periods from the Qing to the Republic of China

本文以青阳及绩溪县官田、青阳县学田和屯溪义田为例,对近代皖南官田、学田和义田的地权状况进行了考察。考察表明,清至民国时期,由于官田、学田、义田等公田管理机关与佃农的关系逐步趋于平等,对佃农不利的官田国有制、学田及义田的普通租佃制发生了重大变迁,皖南官田、学田和义田等公田的地权普遍发生了双层分化,逐渐形成了公田所有者主要掌握田底权、永佃农主要掌握田面权的双层地权格局。

Taking the stateowned lands in Qingyang and Jixi, school -owned lands in Qingyang and charity lands in Tongxi as an example, the author studied the land ownership in modem Southern Anhui. The study demonstrates： The land systems disadvantageous to the tenants, including the state ownership of land, the usual tenancy system of school lands and charity lands in Southern Anhui from the Qing to the Republic of China, changed significantly, the dual property - ownership land ownership of the public lands, such as stated - owned lands, school lands and charity lands, become more common, it gradually formed the structure of field property - right that the underneath field of the public lands were mainly controlled by the state and the administrative departments of the public lands, and the surface field of the public lands were mainly grasped by the Permanent -tenants, because the relationship tended to be equal gradually between the tenants and the owners of different kinds of lands.