香港地区儿童家庭意外事故416例分析

An Analysis of Home Accidents among 416 Children in Hong Kong

目的 :了解前来急诊室就医的意外事故儿童的伤害类型、伤害原因、伤害程度等情况 ,为将来开展儿童意外事故的预防控制提供参考依据。方法 :采用病例的描述性分析。结果 :在本次分析的 41 6例意外事故儿童中 ,男童 (56 .7% )多于女童(41 .3 % ) ,年龄最小者不足 1个月 ,最大 1 4岁 ,平均 3 .1 9(Sd ,3 .0 5)岁 ,4岁以下的受伤儿童占 60 %。 86 .8%的意外事故发生在儿童家中 ,其中以客厅、卧室所占比例最大 ,分别为 38.5 %和 31 .3 %。时间分布上 ,1周内各天无显著性差异。在 1天内呈现 2 3∶0 0～ 6∶0 0发生的例数较少 ,从 7∶0 0开始 ,随时间推移逐步上升 ,1 7∶0 0～ 2 1∶0 0发生的意外事故例数为最高 ,占 41 .8%。意外伤害以皮肤表面挫伤、骨折最为常见 ,分别占 2 8.8%、2 3 .8% ,其次是烫伤 1 2 .7%。意外伤害的主要原因是跌伤 (占 60 .1 % )和烫伤 (占 1 2 .7% )。意外伤害的程度多比较轻微 ,ISS得分多为 1 (占 56 .1 % ) ,1 6分及以上者仅 1 4人。其伤害程度以骨折为最重 ,其次是颅内损伤。结论 :儿童家庭意外事故中以男童居多 ,其伤害程度多较轻微。大多数意外事故的原因为摔跤 ,其中以骨折为最严重的意外事故。

Objective: To examine the type, causes and severity of injuries among children, and provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of child accidents in Hong Kong. Methods: A descriptive analysis of home accidents was conducted among 416 children ages 14 and below. Results: Among 416 children analyzed, there were more males (56.7%) than females (41.3%), the youngest was less than 1 month of age, the oldest was 14 years old, the average age was 3.19 years (standard deviation was 3.05years), 60% of injured children was younger than 4 years old. Almost 86.8% of accidents occurred at children's home; living room (38.5%)and bedroom (31.3%) were the commonest sites. There was insignificant difference in the distribution by day of week. The number of the reported accidents was least from 23:00 to 6:00, thereafter rose with time, and reached the top from 17:00 to 21:00(accounting for 41.8% ). Contusion (28.8%) and fracture (23.8%) were the commonest types of injuries, then followed by scald ( 12.7% ). The commonest causes of injuries were fall (60.1%) and scald (12.7%). The severity of injuries was minor, most of injured children had 1 of ISS (injury severity of score), only 14 had ISS equal to and more than 16. Fracture was the most serious injuries, followed by concussion. Conclusion: Most of child home accidents occur among boys, and is mild in nature. Most are caused by fall, and fracture is the most serious consequence.