高考生社会支持与焦虑的关系:自我效能的中介作用

The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy on Social Support and Anxiety of Senior Year Students

目的探索高考生社会支持、自我效能感和焦虑三者的关系。方法应用领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)对广东2所高中的358名高考生进行抽样调查研究。结果①不同高考生社会支持和自我效能感有显著性差异(P<0.05),但焦虑水平无显著性差异(P>0.05);②社会支持与自我效能感呈显著正相关(r=0.06,P<0.01),与焦虑呈显著负相关(r=-0.13,P<0.05);且自我效能感与焦虑呈显著负相关(r=-0.28,P<0.01);③自我效能感在社会支持和焦虑之间起着完全中介作用,其中介效应占总效应的比例为32.85%。结论①女高考生的自我效能感和她们所领悟到的社会支持均高于男高考生的,粤东北地区高考生的自我效能感和他们所领悟到的社会支持均高于粤西南地区的;②高考生的焦虑水平均偏高,但不同性别和地区高考生的焦虑水平差异不大;③高考生所领悟到的社会支持通过增强自我效能感而降低焦虑水平。

Objectives To explore the relationships among social support ,self-efficacy and anxiety of senior year students. Meth- ods A total of 358 senior year students were administered by Perceived social support Scale （PSSS）,General Self-efficacy Scale （GSES）and Self-rating anxiety scaie（SAS）. Results Firstly,there were significant differences in social support and self-efficacy a- mong different senior year students,but no significant difference in anxiety. Secondly,senior year students＇ perceived social support had significantly positive correlation with self-efflcacy（r= 0. 16,P〈0. 01 ）,while negative correlation with anxiety（r=-0. 13 ,P〈 0.05）. And there was significantly negative correlation between self-efficacy and anxiety （r =-0.28,P〈 0.01）. Thirdly,self-effica- cy had a full mediate effect on social support and anxiety of senior year students,its proportion was 32.85%. Conclusions Firstly, the perceived social support of senior year girls is higher than the senior year boys,so is the self-efficaey^Senior year students in northeast Guangdong have higher self-efficacy and perceived social support than those in southwest Guangdong. Secondly,the aver- age anxiety scores of senior year students is above the average level,which is not affected by gender and area. Finally,perceived so- cial support reduces the anxiety of senior year students through improving self-efficacy.