近现代科技名词内部形式演变的“五性”

Five Characteristics of Form Evolution for Scientific Nomenclature

以清末民初、民国、现代三个时期的代表作《海国图志》、民国《辞海》《国语辞典》、2009版《辞海》中科技名词为研究对象,从构词的内部形式的视角探讨近现代科技名词的历时变化。论述科技名词内部形式的定义、与理据的关系及其分类;总结出在其演变过程中所体现出的基本特征。

Based on researches of Haiguotuzhi in the late Qing Dynasty, Cihai and the dictionary of mandarin in the Republic of China, and the new Cihai published in 2009, we put forwards the term changes of scientific nomenclature, and discuss name diachronic changes from the perspective of internal form of word formationform. We also discussed the definition of internal form and the relations with motivation, and suggested that five basic principles for nomenclature： fluctuating variability, exclusiveness, national characters, poly-sources, and textual. Our results can provide methods and basis for the nomenclature standardization, and make sense to perfect the nomination of scientific terms.