“超越接触”：美国战略调整背景下的对华政策辨析

Beyond Engagement:An Analysis of the U.S. China Policy in the Context of the U.S. Strategic Realignment

作者从讨论美国全球战略的基本逻辑与奥巴马政府的全球战略入手,揭示出奥巴马政府对华政策的逻辑依据,认为在全球化的背景下,中美利益交汇错综复杂,虽然美国此次全球战略调整针对中国的意味十分明显,但美国并没有足够的战略资源实施对华遏制;奥巴马政府的对华政策在本质上仍属"接触"的范畴,但在新的全球战略格局、亚太区域形势和中美双边关系的条件下,特别是在美国自身战略资源发生萎缩的情况下,它不是对克林顿政府时期对华接触政策的简单延续,而是对其既有继承又有超越的"超越接触"。继承方面主要体现在:奥巴马政府和克林顿政府一样,都面临着一个快速崛起的中国,都希望从中国崛起的过程中获益;都对中国崛起保持防范心理和威慑姿态;都是综合运用多种手段展开全方位接触。超越方面主要体现在:与克林顿政府相比,奥巴马政府的对华政策在其亚太战略和全球战略布局中的地位明显提升;对从中国崛起过程中获益的期望值明显增大;对华接触手段有所创新;军事威慑在对华接触中的作用大幅增强。

This paper intends to analyze the basic logic of the U.S.strategic realignment and its policy implications for China.The national interests of the U.S.and China have been intertwined eomplicatedly;however,the U.S.has no enough strategic resources to contain China today.Obama's China policy could be characterized as 'engagement' in nature.But,it is also a succession to and a transcendence of Clinton's China policy,and thus can be labeled as 'Beyond Engagement'.On the one hand,both two administrations have faced a rapidly rising China,expected to benefit from the growth of China,kept a precautionary and deterrent posture,and wielded multiple measures to carry out comprehensive engagement policies toward China;on the other hand,Obama's China policy has gained greater importance in the U.S.Asia-pacific strategy and global strategy,yearned to gain more benefits from China,had more innovations in its policy toolbox,and stressed more on the role of military deterrence as a policy tool to engage China.