从“走出去”到“融进去”——中石油开发建设融入苏丹的条件

From "Going out" to "Fitting in" :How CNPC's Projects Can Win the Sudanese Support

中国石油天然气集团公司苏丹项目是中国企业"走出去"的重要项目之一,也是中国企业从事国际化经营较为成功的案例。但是,在很多情况下,即使中石油能够给当地带来经济收益,其开发实践也未获得苏丹政府和/或反对派力量的认可。作者认为,环境问题和苏丹国内矛盾是影响中石油能否顺利融入苏丹的核心因素。具体而言,如中石油的开发引发环境问题,损害了开发区域的自然环境,则中石油在苏丹的开发建设融入程度低,即使事后采取治理和补救措施也难以获得苏丹政府和反对派力量的认可。在中石油开发未引发环境问题的条件下,如中石油卷入苏丹政府与反对派力量的矛盾之中,则融入程度较低或低;如未卷入,则融入程度高。这些研究发现表明,中国企业(特别是国有企业)必须高度重视海外开发建设过程中的环境保护问题,充分意识到投资目标国国内矛盾对自身开发实践的消极影响,并尽可能与当地社会力量建立起良好的合作关系,从而尽早实现从"走出去"到"融进去"的转变,帮助中国塑造负责任大国的形象,有效缓解崛起困境。

The project of China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC) in Sudan represents one of the most successful cases for Chinese companies to internationalize their operations.However,even though CNPC is able to bring economic benefits locallyto the Sudan,it has often been unable to win the recognition of the Sudanese government and/or its opposition forces.The authors argue that environmental problems and the Sudan's internal conflict are the key determinants on whether CNPC can successfully integrate itself into Sudanese community.Specifically,if its operations result in environmental problems,CNPC will not be accepted by the Sudanese government and the opposition,even when CNPC makes efforts to mitigate the problems and take remedial action afterwards.If it manages to avoid causing environmental problems and being involved in the conflict between the Sudan government and the opposition,CNPC will win the support of both the government and the opposition.However,if it becomes engulfed in the conflict between the government and the opposition,CNPC can only be accepted by one side or even neither side.These research findings show that Chinese companies(especially Chinese state-owned companies) should pay careful attention to environmental protection when managing overseas development projects,and fully understand the negative impacts that domestic conflicts may have on overseas investment projects.By attaching great importance to environmental protection and building strong cooperative relations with influential social actors,Chinese companies can successfully gain support from the local government and its opposition.In doing so,China can build her image as a responsible power,thereby overcoming the difficulties caused by the dilemma of rising powers China is now facing.