会话分析研究之优先组织的新解读

Interpreting Preference Organization in CA from a New Perspective

现有的会话分析研究认为优先组织是言谈应对的结构特征,与交际者的个人欲望或心理倾向没有任何关系。我们认为这种抛弃语言使用者的心理因素,单纯关注语言结构的做法是不合适的。言谈应对是交际者在具体交际情境下的思想活动的体现,优先组织也不例外。非优先结构本质上是伤面子行为在言语层面的体现,交际者对于面子的考虑是他们进行话轮设计的决定因素之一。交际者对于伤面子行为的理解和文化认同是其构建具有非优先组织特征之话轮的前提和基础,即优先组织的礼貌解读。

The existing researches in Conversation Analysis hold that preference organization is generalized and in- stitutionalized methods of speaking and in no way intends to refer to the private desires or psychological motivations of the speaker. We think that it is somewhat improper to focus purely on the structural level of communication while neglect the psychological element of the language users, because interaction is a process of communicators＇ choice making in specific context, and preference organization is no exception. We hold that the action lying behind the dispreferred organization is Face Threatening Act in nature and face is one of the essential elements that communi- cators have to consider in the process of turn design. Communicators＇ understanding of the nature of Face Threaten- ing Act is the basis of their constructing a turn with dispreferred property, and this is the politeness interpretation of the dispreferred organization.