马克思对俄国走新式社会发展道路可能性的评估——研读《给维·伊·查苏利奇的复信(初稿)》

Marx’s Evaluation on Possibility of Russia’s Taking on a New Course of Social Development:A Study of “A Reply to V.E.Zasulich(First Draft)”

马克思在《给维·伊·查苏利奇的复信(初稿)》中提出,"从理论上说"和"从历史的观点来看",俄国存在着走新式社会发展道路的可能性,因为俄国"农村公社"和西方资本主义生产同时存在,它能够吸收西方的一切积极成果,而不必经受资本主义发展的波折和痛苦。但从俄国的现实看,农村公社"几乎陷入绝境",俄国走新式社会发展道路的可能性趋于消失。马克思在俄国社会发展道路上的两种设想,体现了发展道路选择上的灵活性和可变性。

In ＂A Reply to V. E. Zasulich＂, Marx points out that, ＂in theory＂ and ＂from a historical point of view＂, there exists a possibility for Russia to take on a new-type course of social development, because ＂village community＂ and capitalism co-exist in Russia, which can intake all positive results of western counlries without suffer- ing from the setbacks and pains of capitalist development. However, in view of the Russia reality, village community was almost driven to the last ditch, so it was almost impossible for Russia to take on the new-type course of social development. Marx＇s two conceptions of Russia＇s social development road reflect the flexibility and variability in the choice of development roads.