城乡分割与融合的人力资本效应研究

Human Capital Effects on Rural-Urban Segmentation and Integration

本文主要分析了城市劳动力和农村劳动力相对人力资本水平差距对中国城乡经济社会分割和融合的影响。具体来说,在基本模型部分我们主要分析了城乡相对人力资本水平差距对农村劳动力转移、城市就业、工资水平、收入差距以及社会和谐程度的影响。我们的分析发现,随着城乡相对人力资本水平差距的扩大,一方面,农村向城市转移劳动力的数量会增加,城市最终产品部门就业量也随之增大,农村转移劳动力的工资会上升,城市劳动力的单位有效工资水平会下降但实际工资水平会上升;另一方面,经济中的人均收入虽然会提高,但是城乡劳动力收入差距会扩大,同时社会内部不和谐程度也会提高。在扩展模型部分,我们引入了垄断竞争的中间产品部门,分析发现,中间投入品部门的产业集聚在一定条件下会扩大城乡相对人力资本水平差距的相关效应。

This paper mainly investigates how the disparity of rural-urban human capital influences the socioeconomic segmentation and integration.In the basic model,we discuss the impacts exerted by the increased rural-urban gap in terms of human capital level on the rural-urban migration,urban employment,wage rate,income gap,and social harmony.The main findings are that an increase in the disparity of rural-urban human capital will lead to a rise in the amounts of the rural-urban migrants and the urban employment of the final-good sector,and that the rural wage rate and the urban real wage rate will increase while the unit efficient wage rate of the urban people decreases.However,when the rural-urban human capital gap is widened,the per-capita income in the economy will increase,but the rural-urban wage gap will be expanded and the social harmony will be deteriorated.Then,we introduce the monopolistic competition to the urban intermediate-good sector,and find that the effects generated by the widening rural-urban human capital gap will be strengthened in the presence of the agglomeration of the urban intermediate-good sector.