实在论视域下的逻辑哲学——普特南逻辑可修正思想探析

The Philosophy of Logic from the Viewpoint of Realism——The inquiry of Putnam's thought of revisability of logic

逻辑的可修正问题涉及到了先验知识的本质、范围及可能性问题。普特南对于数学真理、逻辑真理的态度从整体上而言是经验的。数学客观性建基于我们的科学实践,反过来科学实践亦不能脱离数学、逻辑方法的使用。这样一来,数学、逻辑知识不再是先天的知识,数学、逻辑真理是可以修正的,但不用放弃客观性或实在论。在普特南看来,非欧几何、相对论和量子力学带给我们的启示是:任何直觉上自明的或假定的先天保证都不能完全避免、排斥人类实践探究所带来的挑战。这一理念不仅适用于数学或逻辑,亦适用于所有的经验科学探究中。

Logical corrective issues have relationship with the nature, cope and possibility of the priori knowledge. Putnam＇s attitude toward mathematical truth, logical truth is overall experience. Mathematical objectivity based on our scientific practice and scientific practice can not be divorced from the mathematical, logical method. As a result, knowledge of mathematics and logic is no longer a priori knowledge, mathematical and logical truth can be corrected, but do not need to give up objectivity or realism. In Putnam＇s viewpoint, the revelation of non-Euclidean ge- ometry, relativity and quantum mechanics is： any intuitively self-evident or assumed priori guarantee can not be completely avoided, excluded the challenges from human practice . This idea applies not only to mathematics or logic also to all the inquiry of empirical science.