民族地区生态补偿的标准研究——以水资源为例

The Research on Standards of Ecological Compensation in Ethnic Areas——Take Water Resources for Example

民族地区生态补偿机制是一项关系到我国民族地区生态保护和建设成败的系统工程。探讨了民族地区生态系统服务的供需均衡机制,实证了考虑直接成本、机会成本的核算方法是生态补偿标准的下限。生态补偿标准应该在不低于这个下限范围内才有激励生态保护行为。由此出发,在系统总结民族地区生态补偿中已有的直接成本、机会成本的核算范围的基础上,建立了民族地区生态补偿直接成本核算的一般性框架,提出核算机会成本计算方法,可有效提高生态补偿标准核算准确性、科学性和可接受性,为民族地区生态补偿标准的确定提供了方法支持。

The mechanism of ecological compensation in ethnic areas is systematic engineering related to the success of ecological protection and construction in China＇s ethnic areas. This arlicle explores the conditions of balance of supply and demand of ecosystem services in ethnic areas, to prove that the direct cost and opportunity cost is the lower hmit of the standard of ecological compensation, the ecological compensation can＇ t theoretically reaches the purpose of encouraging ecological protection behavior if it is below the lower limit .Proceeding from this, on the basis of systematically summaries of the existing cost accounting and accounting methods of the direct cost and opportunity cost of ecological compensation in ethnic areas, it has established the general framework and methods of directly costing of ecological compensation in ethnic areas, proposed the methods of accounting opportunity cost, which can effectively improve the accuracy, scientific and acceptability of accounting standards of the ecological compensation, and provide a new method to suppert the determination of the standard of ecological compensation in ethnic areas.