硬岩钻进用石油钻头研究现状及发展趋势

Current Status and Tendency of Research on Oil Bits for Hard Rock Drilling

能源与矿产的持续安全供给是经济快速增长的保证,而中硬岩层钻进一直限制着油气钻井向深部发展。针对硬岩地层钻进,地质行业主要采用金刚石钻头钻进,而油气钻井行业除按传统方法采用牙轮钻头和金刚石钻头钻进之外,也逐渐开展了PDC钻头钻进硬岩的研究。本文分别介绍了牙轮钻头、金刚石钻头和PDC钻头在油气勘探硬岩钻进中的应用研究现状。其中,牙轮钻头研究主要集中在增强轴承密封性能、改进布齿结构和提高切削齿强度三个方面,而金刚石钻头研究则集中在碎岩机理、金刚石参数和胎体性能,以及钻头结构三个方面。提出了三类钻头的研究方向和发展趋势,为硬岩钻探技术发展提供参考。

Continued safe supply of energy and mineral resources is a guarantee for rapid economic growth, while hard rock drilling limits the develop-ment of deep oil drilling. In geological drilling, diamond bits are usually employed to solve this problem ; and in oil and gas drilling, polycrystalline diamond compact （PDC） bits have been used in recent years besides conventional roller bits and diamond bits. This paper presents the applications of roller bits, diamond bits, PDC bits and percussion - rotary bits for hard rock drilling Thereinto, studies of roller bits mainly focus on improving the bearing seal per-formance, distribution and strength of cutters, and that of diamond bits focus on rock broken mechanism, diamond parameters ＆ matrix performance, and bit structure. We propose the research direction and tendency for each kind of bits to provide references for the development of hard rock drilling technology.