她们缘何要求与男性同龄退休?——基于第三期中国妇女社会地位调查数据的分析

Why do They Demand Equal Retirement Age Policy? An Empirical Analysis Based on the 3rd National Survey on the Status of Chinese Women

改革开放以来,国内学者对于男高女低的退休年龄规定的公平性和科学性的讨论和质疑不断增多,女性与男性同龄退休的政策诉求与日俱增,其中,机关事业单位女性是表达这一政策诉求的主要人群。通过对第三期中国妇女社会地位调查数据的分析发现,尽管机关事业单位女性与男性在受教育程度和健康状况方面相差无几,但是她们的实际退休年龄明显低于同龄同类男性。不仅如此,她们的实际退休年龄还明显低于政策退休年龄。与十年前相比,女性实际退休年龄有所下降,与同龄同类男性的实际退休年龄差距不断拉大。这样的状况对机关事业单位女性的职业发展机会和退休后的生活产生了非常不利的影响,因此,建议对机关事业单位退休政策落实情况进行全面检查,依法维护她们的工作权益,在此基础上,积极推进男女同龄退休政策。

Since the reforms and opening up in the 1980＇s, Chinese scholars have increasingly questioned the fairness and rationality of retirement age policy. Public demand, especially among women who work in government agencies and institutions, for equal retirement age policy has been rising. Based on the 3rd National Survey on the Status of Chinese Women, this paper has found that women and men who work for governments have similar levels of education and health status. However, women＇s actual retirement age is signifi- cantly lower than that of men. Moreover, women＇s actual retirement age is also significantly lower than the policy retirement age. Com- pared with that often years ago, women＇s actual retirement age has declined, and the gap of actual retirement age between sexes has en- larged. The decline of women＇s actual retirement age is having negative impact on women＇s career development and post-retirement life. The paper argues for the adoption of equal retirement age policy to protect the legitimate rights and interests of women working in government agencies and institutions.