试论20世纪后期美国反女权运动

On American Anti-Feminist Movementof the Late Twentieth Century

20世纪70年代后期开始,由于大打"道德旗帜"的新保守主义在美国的兴起以及对美国政权与主流媒体的掌控,反女权主义势力迅速聚集,对女权运动展开了大规模的反击,不仅阻止了《平等权利修正案》的通过,还在反堕胎运动以及反同性恋、反"肯定性行动计划"以及反对政府出资建立日托所等运动中取得成效。这场反女权运动使美国女权主义者的形象大大受损,妇女解放运动的进程严重受挫。同时,由于美国政府大量削减针对低收入妇女的医疗及生活补助,轻视家庭暴力及强奸与性骚扰等社会问题,20世纪后期美国"贫困女性化"加剧,妇女遭受家庭暴力与性暴力的案例有增无减。

Upon the rise of neo-conservatism, which controlled American.politics and the mainstream media in the late 1970s, anti-femi- nism in America gained momentum and launched an extensive offence against the on-going feminist movement. Anti-feminists suc- ceeded in their campaigns against ERA （Equal Rights Amendment）, abortion, same-sex marriage, affirmative action and government day-care center. Under the attack of this anti-feminist movement, the image of American feminists was damaged, and Women＇s Libera- tion Movement was greatly hindered. Meanwhile, the federal government cut down the funds, to a great degree, for the healthcare and living assistance to women with low-income, and attached less importance to family violence, rape and sexual harassment. The ＂femi- nization of poverty＂ persisted and became more serious, and the number of women who suffered from family violence and sexual vio- lence increased.