猪瘟病毒3种检测方法的比较

Comparison of Three Detection Methods for Classical Swine Fever Virus

本研究旨在比较3种检测猪瘟病毒方法的优缺点。应用反转录—复合套式聚合酶链式反应(RT-nPCR)、荧光抗体法、胶体金免疫层析试纸条3种方法,分别对30份疑似猪瘟病料中的猪瘟病毒进行检测。试验结果显示,RT-nPCR方法检出阳性样品数为11份,荧光抗体法为13份,胶体金免疫层析试纸条为8份;3种方法检测全为阳性8份,全为阴性17份。试验结果表明,荧光抗体检测法所需时间较短,但需要经验比较丰富人员来判定结果,且存在假阳性结果,敏感性比较差;胶体金免疫层析试纸条诊断方法最大的优点就是简便快速,且适合基层的应用,该方法的不足之处就是敏感性较低;RT-nPCR检测法具有快速、敏感等优点,但需一定仪器设备及成熟的技术方法。RT-nPCR还能区分待检样品为疫苗毒株(弱毒)还是野毒株感染(强毒),这是其他2种方法所不可比拟的。

This paper investigated the advantages and disadvantages of three methods to detect classical swine fever virus（CSFV）.We used three kinds of methods,including reverse transcription-multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction（RT-nPCR）,fluorescence antibody method and colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay（CGIA）,to detect 30 CSFV samples.The results showed that 11 samples of detected 30 samples were positive by RT-nPCR,13 samples were positive by fluorescence antibody method,8 samples were positive by CGIA,and 8 samples were positive and 17 samples were negative by the three methods.Although fluorescence antibody method saved time,it needed a seasoned staff to judge results.What’s more,there were many false positive results arising by the method,and its specificity was rather poor.Gold dipstick method’s biggest advantage was simple and easy to operate,and it was also appropriate for primary level,while the disadvantage was that it had a low sensibility.RT-nPCR’s advantage was that it had a high-speed and sensitive operation,but it needed certain equipment and mature technology tests.In addition to this,it could differentiate testing samples whether they were vaccine strain or wild strain,and this was the point which other two methods couldn’t match.