成都市城乡高血压前期伴危险因素的横断面调查

Cross-Sectional Study on Pre-Hypertension Accompanied with Cardiovascular Risk Factors between Urban and Rural Areas in Chengdu

目的探讨成都市高血压前期患病率、合并心血管危险因素及城乡差异。方法采用整群随机抽样方法选取成都市城市和农村社区35～70岁人群2011人,采用问卷、体格检查和实验室检查方式进行调查,以了解该市高血压前期患者的主要心血管危险因素。所获数据由专人双录入计算机,采用SPSS 13.0软件进行分析,计数资料采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果①成都市高血压前期患病率为33.6%,城市和农村分别为45.67%和46.31%,农村男性患病率(51.04%)高于女性(42.83%)。②高血压前期合并吸烟人群主要是男性,其中农村男性比例达60.00%(132/220),远高于城市男性32.6%(59/181)。③城市高血压前期患者合并糖尿病的人群占27.97%,高于农村(14.01%)。④城市合并高胆固醇血症或低高密度脂蛋白血症人群比例达33.04%(150/454),是农村患病人群的2倍16.41%(76/471)。⑤城市合并腹型肥胖(腰围)人群比例(28.41%)远多于农村(12.74%)。结论吸烟是成都市农村男性高血压前期患者重点干预的危险因素,糖耐量异常是城乡居民共同的主要危险因素,高脂血症是城市高血压前期患者合并的最主要危险因素,其后依次是糖尿病、腹型肥胖。

Objective To investigate pre-hypertension in aspects of its incidence, accompanied cardiovascular risk factors, and difference between urban and rural areas in Chengdu. Methods By cluster random sampling method, a total of 2 011 patients aged 35-70 years from urban and rural communities in Chengdu were selected as respondents. The investigation was conducted through questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests, so as to find out the main cardiovascular risk factors of pre-hypertension. All data were dual input into computer by a specially-assigned person. SPSS 13.0 software was used for analysis, Chi-square test was adopted for categorical data, and P〈0.05 was taken as an index for significant difference. Results a） The incidence rate of pre-hypertensive in Chengdu was 33.6%, and it was 45.67% and 46.31% in urban and rural areas, respectively. In rural area, more male （51.04%） were affected than female （42.83%）. b） The smoking population with pre-hypertension were mainly the male, and the ratio of rural male was 60% （132/220）, far higher than that of urban male which was 32.6% （59/181）. c） The pre-hypertensive population accompanied with diabetes was higher in urban （27.97%） than rural （14.01%）. d） The pre-hypertensive population accompanied with hypercholesterolemia or low HDL was 33.04% （1501454） in urban, as twice as that in rural which was 16.41% （76/471）. e） The pre-hypertensive population accompanied with abdominal obesity was far higher in urban （28.41%） than rural （12.74%）. Conclusion Smoking is the risk factor which needs to be primarily intervened for male hypertensive patients in rural area. Impaired glucose tolerance is the common risk factor for both urban and rural residents, and hyperlipidemia is the most primarily risk factor for urban pre-hypertensive patients, followed by diabetes, and abdominal obesity.