早期母亲心理干预对重症监护病房出院新生儿及母亲的影响

The influences of early maternal psychotherapy to the newborns been in NICU and their mothers

目的了解早期母亲心理干预对新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)出院新生儿及母亲的影响。方法选择2011年6月至2012年2月于我院NICU住院的新生儿,随机分为观察组及对照组;在一般干预的同时,对观察组实施早期母亲心理干预,比较两组母亲干预前后焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)分值,以及两组新生儿睡商、纯母乳喂养率、体重周递增值、出院3个月内就诊次数和再入院次数。结果干预前两组患儿母亲SAS和SDS评分及两组患儿一般情况差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预3周后,观察组母亲(33例)SAS和SDS评分较对照组明显降低[SAS:(30.2±7.4)分比(34.7±8.3)分,SDS:(30.6±9.2)分比(37.2±10.9)分,P<0.05];观察组患儿出院后1周内睡商、体重递增值高于对照组,出院3个月内就诊次数和再入院次数少于对照组、纯母乳喂养率高于对照组[睡商:(8.4±2.2)分比(6.4±2.5)分,体重:(138±42)g比(118±29)g,就诊次数:(2.9±1.2)次比(3.8±1.2)次,再入院次数:(0.6±0.7)次比(1.2±1.1)次,母乳喂养率:72.7%比40.7%,P<0.05]。结论早期母亲心理干预能减轻NICU新生儿母亲的焦虑和抑郁情绪,促进母乳喂养的实现和母亲的角色认同,为婴儿提供恰当的抚慰及适宜的养育环境,有利于促进婴儿的成长。

Objective To observe the influences of early maternal psychotherapy to the newborns and their mothers who have been admitted to NICU. Methods The newborns admitted to NICU from June 2011 to Feb 2012 were randomly assigned to observe group and control group, While general treatment were the same between the two groups, early psychotherapy were applied to mothers in observe group. The SAS and SDS of mothers, the sleep index of the newborn, the pure breast - feeding rate, the increment of weight every week, the frequency of doctor＇s office visiting in 3 months after discharge, and readmission rate were compared. Results The SAS and SDS of the mothers in observe group were significantly lower than control group after psychotherapy [ SAS ： （ 30. 2 ± 7.4 ） vs. （ 34. 7 ± 8.3 ）, SDS ： （ 30. 6 ± 9. 2 ） vs. （ 37.2 ± 10. 9 ）, P 〈 0. 05 ], the sleeping index within one week out of hospital ,the rate of pure breast - feeding, the increment of weight per week were higher than control group, the times of doctor ~s office visiting and readmission were lower than control group. [ sleeping index ： （ 8.4 ＋ 2.2 ） vs. （ 6.4 ±2. 5 ）, rate of exclusive breast - feeding by mother： 72.7% vs. 40. 7%,increasing of weight per week ： （ 138 ± 42 ） g vs. （ 118 ± 29 ） g, doctor＇s office visiting： （ 2.9±1.2 ） time vs. （3.8 ± 1.2 ） time, readmission ： （0. 6 ±0.7 ） time vs. （ 1.2 ± 1.1 ） time, P 〈 0. 05 ]. Conclusions The early maternal psychotherapy could reduce the anxious and depressive feelings of mothers, promote breasffeeding and recognition of the maternal role, making a suitable environment for the development of the baby.