出生体重与儿童期超重肥胖的关系

Analysis of relationship between birth weight and childhood overweight and obesity

目的针对儿童出生体重和儿童期出现超重肥胖的实际关系问题进行分析和探讨。方法采用随机抽查的方法,选取城区4所小学一到二年级的学生1000名,然后进行学生体重以及身高方面的测试,并让这些学生的父母填写学生的基本资料,包括儿童出生时的体重、父母文化水平、家庭经济条件以及2岁前的喂养情况等。结果随着儿童出生时体重的增加,儿童肥胖以及超重的发生率明显上升。低出生体重组儿童(BW<2500g)的肥胖发生率在11.2%左右,正常出生体重组儿童(BW=2500～4000g)的肥胖发生率在15.8%左右,高出生体重组儿童(BW>4000g),肥胖发生率在24.5%左右,而且这部分儿童主要以重度肥胖为主。另外,早产低体重儿童的肥胖发生率在16.2%左右,较足月小样儿童高8.5%。结论出现儿童期肥胖的主要危险因素是高出生体重、早产低体重儿童较宫内生长延缓儿童来说,容易出现儿童期的肥胖以及超重情况,所以要从胎儿时期做好预防肥胖的准备。

Objective To analyze and investigate the relationship between birth weight （BW） and childhood overweight and obesity. Methods A total of 1000 students in the first grade and second grade were randomly selected from four elementary schools in urban area. They were examined for body weight and body height; the parents of these students were asked to provide basic information, including the BW of their children, their education level, family income, and infantile diet before 2 years of age. Results The incidence of childhood obesity and overweight increased significantly as the BW rose. The incidence rates of obesity were around 11.2% in children with low BW （BW 〈2500 g）, around 15.8% in those with normal BW （BW = 2500-4000 g）, and around 24.5% in those with high BW （BW 〉4000 g）, most of whom had severe obesity. In the children with low BW, those born preterm had an incidence rate of obesity around 16.2%, higher than that of their full-term counterparts （8.5%）. Conclusion The major risk factor for childhood obesity is high BW. Children with low BW are more vulnerable to childhood obesity and overweight if they were born preterm. Childhood obesity should be prevented during pregnancy.