以“商谈伦理”建构“公平正义”的社会秩序——以哈贝马斯和罗尔斯为研究对象

Constructing a Fair and Just Society with Discourse Ethics——on Habermas and John Rawls

当代哲学大师哈贝马斯提出以"商谈伦理"实现现代社会的政治认同,罗尔斯则认为公平正义才是现代社会的基本价值。倘若抛却两位大师的理论纷争,以一种融合的视阈来重新审视商谈伦理和公平的正义,重构多元社会的政治认同——商谈伦理为公平的正义奠定并给与了持续的合法性,而公平正义的制度设计则为商谈伦理设置了效力边界,注入实质的价值内核,为防止多数的暴政限定高压线,二者便形成了一种理论的耦合,为实现公平正义的社会秩序提供了规范的依据,并能有效地回应中国当下社会发展中的理论困境。

Jurgen Habermas, the contemporary philosophy master, has put forward ＂the discourse ethics＂ in order to achieve political identity of modern society . While Rawls thinks that ＂fairness and justice＂ is the basic val- ue of the modern society. If we discard the theoretical disputes of the two masters and re-examine ＂the discourse ethics＂ and the ＂fairness and justice＂, the political identity of the pluralistic society can be reconstructed The discourse ethics lays the foundation and gives the continuing legitimacy for fair justice, and the design of the fair and just system sets the effectiveness border for the discourse ethics and injects actual political value into it, so that the tyranny of the majority can be prevented. The coupling of the two theories provides a standardized basis for the realization of a fair and just society, and may effectively respond to the current social predicament of the social de- velopment of China.