肖厝口岸2轮医学媒介生物本底调查结果比较分析

2^(nd) investigation and analysis of medical vector background at Xiaocuo Port

目的掌握肖厝口岸各港区8类医学媒介生物的种群分布和季节消长的本底情况,为口岸的传染病监测和卫生控制提供科学依据。方法对2004年8月-2012年2月在肖厝口岸开展的2轮医学媒介生物本底调查的结果进行比较分析。结果肖厝口岸2轮本底调查捕获的医学媒介生物,经鉴定共有16科32属56种,其中鼠形动物2目2科3属5种、蚤类1科1属1种、蚊类2科4属7种、蝇类4科15属21种、蜚蠊2科3属5种、蜱类1科1属1种、螨类3科3属6种、蠓类1科2属10种。第2轮医学媒介生物本底调查没有发现新的种类,但有12种新记录检出;除鼠形动物外,其它7类医学媒介生物的密度比第1轮调查低。结论肖厝口岸8类医学媒介生物的种群组成均为福建省普遍存在的媒介生物种类;新开验港区的医学媒介生物种群构成与旧港区有所不同,鼠、蝇、蜚蠊的密度未能达到我国国境口岸媒介生物控制标准;每年的春季和秋季在辖区各港区开展物理防治和化学防治,将各类媒介生物的密度控制在不足为害的程度;在今后的蚊、蠓类本底调查中,应合理选择医学媒介生物调查方法和调查点,选择高检出率的调查方法,而调查点的选择应包括港区所有的不同生境环境,这样才能提高蚊、蠓种群的捕获量。

Objective This paper aims to offer scientific basis for infectious disease surveillance and health control at ports via grasping the background of 8 types medical vector＇s population distribution and seasonal fluctuation. Methods Two rounds of research on medical vector background have been carried out from Aug. 2004 to Feb. 2012 at Xiaocuo Port and the results have been analyzed and compared. Results Through identification, the med- ical vectors captured in the two rounds of investigation belong to 16 families, 32 genera, 56 species, among which rat shape animals belong to 2 orders 2 families 3 genera 5 species, fleas 1 family 1 genus 1 species, mosquitoes 2 families 4 genera 7 species, flies 4 families 15 genera 21 species, cockroaches 2 families 3 genera 5 species, ticks 1 family 1 genus 1 species, mites 3 families 3 genera 6 species and midges 1 family 2 genera 10 species. The sec- ond round of research finds no new specie, but 12 new records are found. Except for rat shape animals, other 7 types＇medical vectors densities are lower than the first investigation. Conclusion The population composition of the 8 types medical vectors at Xiaocuo Port are all ubiquitous medical vectors in Fujian province. Population com- position of medical vectors in new open port area is different from the old areas. Rats, fillies＇and cockroaches＇den- sity can not reach the request of Chinese Frontier Port Vector Control Standard. Physical control and chemical con- trol should be carried out every spring and fall in the port area, in order to keep the density of medical vectors un- der safety level. In the investigations of mosquitoes＂ and midges＂ background, proper medical vector investigation methods and point should be chose. Investigation methods with high detention rate should be chose, as well as all different habitat environments as investigation points in the port area, in order to increase the detective quantities of mosquitoes and midges.