杭州市农民工生计脆弱性特征与对策

Vulnerability of migrant workers’livelihoods in Hangzhou City and the countermeasures

农民工是我国大城市中的弱势群体之一,极易受到失业、生产事故、经济波动等社会风险的冲击,其生计日益成为影响我国经济社会转型期国计民生的重要问题之一。本文从脆弱性视角出发,建立了符合城市农民工生计特征的生计资本评估指标体系,并结合实地调查资料对杭州市农民工生计脆弱性特征及成因进行了分析。研究认为,杭州农民工生计资本具有典型的脆弱性特征,突出表现在教育培训缺失、人力资本不足,租房生活为主、物质资本薄弱,收入水平低下、金融资本虚化,边缘感较强、社会资本匮乏。最后,探讨了可持续生计分析框架在大城市农民工生计问题研究中的适用性,并结合实证研究结果提出了增强大城市农民工生计资本降低其生计脆弱性的调控对策,以期为杭州市及我国其他大城市农民工生计可持续性研究提供新的分析思路和实践参考。

Migrant workers are one of the low status groups in big cities in China, easily struck by job loss, work-related accident, adverse economic conditions, and other social hazards; their livelihoods have increasing- ly become a critical issue affecting the national economy and livelihoods of the whole population during the so- cio-economic transition. From the vulnerability perspective, we established an index system to evaluate the live- lihood assets based on the characteristics of migrant workers＇ livelihoods, and analyzed the vulnerability of their livelihoods in Hangzhou City. The results indicate that the livelihood assets of migrant workers in Hangzhou are showing typical characteristics of vulnerability, manifested by lack of education and training, shortage of human capital, prevalent low-quality rental housing, weakness of physical capital, low incomes, deprivation of financial capital, strong sense of being marginalized, and deficiency of social capital. Furthermore, we explored the appli- cability of the analysis framework of sustainable livelihoods to the studies of the issues of migrant workers＇ live- lihoods in big cities. Based on the empirical analysis mentioned above, we put forward countermeasures and reg- ulations in order to increase the migrant workers＇ livelihood assets and reduce their vulnerability, which provides a scientific reference and a practical example for the studies of sustainable livelihoods of migrant workers in Hangzhou and other major cities in China.