俄国民粹主义的资本主义观:一个历史的述评

Capitalist View of Russian Populism:a Historical Comment

民粹主义是落后国家普遍出现过的一种反资本主义现象,用恩格斯的话说,它"在经济学的形式上是错误的东西,在世界历史上却是正确的"。俄国民粹主义对资本主义的批判经过了如下的历史逻辑过程:(1)19世纪中叶民粹派先驱和革命民粹派所主张的"向社会主义直接过渡"的"跨越论";(2)1880年代自由主义民粹派前期代表所谓的"资本主义行不通论";(3)1890年代自由主义民粹派后期所谓的"俄国资本主义没有前途论"。19世纪末,普列汉诺夫与早期列宁主要批判了民粹主义"经济学上错误的"方面;而1905年革命之后,列宁则肯定了民粹派"世界历史上正确的"方面。

Populism is an anti -capitalist phenomenon in backward countries. As Engels said, ＂Populism is wrong in the form of economics, but it is fight in world history＂. Russian populism underwent three stages. First, in the middle of 19th century populism pioneers and revolution populism advocated ＂direct- ly into socialism＂. Second, in the 1880s, the former representatives of liberalist populism thought that capitalism did not work. Third, the latter representatives of liberalist populism thought that capitalism had no future in Russia. In the late 19th century Plekhanov and Lenin criticized the mistakes in economics by populism, but after the 1905 Revolution Lenin thought that populism was right in world history.