汉、藏佛教演进路向之比较——兼论中国传统文化的方法论原则对当代和谐社会建设的启迪意义

Comparative Studies of the Evolution of Han Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism

中国汉传佛教和藏传佛教共同体现了北传佛教的一般性特征,即以大乘佛教教义与经典的弘传为主,注重对佛法大义的领悟与发挥。但由于所面临的文化际遇及所处文化势位的差异,二者选择了不同的演进路向,并由此形成了各自独特的理论形态与组织结构特征。就整体思维特征而言,汉、藏两系佛教分别对印度佛教采取了不同的提问方式及继承发展模式。简言之,汉传佛教重佛之"心",由"心"而立"法";藏传佛教重佛之"法",由"法"而明"心"。由此,汉传佛教形成了重圆顿、重简捷、重灵活性的修持理念与教化风格,而藏传佛教则形成了重传承、重次第、重体系的教法特色。当前中国的和谐社会建设有着重要的传统文化思想底蕴,同时,中国传统文化的演进历程及其理论精髓对于中国当代和谐社会建设具有重要的启迪意义。

In China both Han Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism have the common features of the northern Buddhism, namely, with Mahayana doctrine at the center. However, both have different evolution ap- proaches because of their cultural differences, and thus they have their own theoretical systems and struc- tures. As far as the whole thinking is concerned, Hart Buddhism emphasizes Buddhist heart, namely, making law from heart, but Tibetan Buddhism emphasizes law, namely, clarifying heart from law, so Han Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism have their own distinct features.